Description
Vaccines are among the most effective public health interventions currently available. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio has almost disappeared worldwide through global vaccine campaigns. Most of the viral and bacterial infections that traditionally affected children have been drastically reduced thanks to national immunization programs in developed countries. Together with antibiotics and clean water, vaccines have increased life expectancy in both high- and low-income countries by eliminating many of the diseases that historically killed millions. It has been estimated that vaccines will have saved ~25 million deaths over 10 yr from 2010 to 2020, which is equivalent to five lives saved per minute. In terms of cost-effectiveness, it is estimated that $1 invested in vaccination results in a $10–44 healthcare saving.
In spite of the success of vaccination in preventing disease and its cost-effectiveness, several challenges remain such as increasing the diversity of the target populations by developing vaccines efficient in pregnant women who will protect their babies at early life, and in the elderly displaying a less efficient immune system to be primed. Besides preventing infectious diseases, a few examples of already available vaccines preventing virus-induced cancers, such as liver cancer due to the hepatitis B virus or cervical cancers due to papilloma viruses, pave the way for further development of anti-cancer vaccines. Recent advances in technology to identify the key antigens to induce efficient protective immunity and large-scale analysis of human immune responses offer to revisit the future of vaccine development in a more global health perspective, taking also into consideration the implementation of new sustainable models for the developing world. This course aims at covering all these aspects to give an overview of the discipline.
Format
To follow this course, you have the choice between two formulas: DISCOVERY formula which will allow you to familiarize yourself with the subject thanks to videos, quizzes and access to forums and QUALIFYING formula in which you can acquire skills and deep knowledge on the subjects.
Discovery path
If you opt for this formula, you will have access to the videos of the course, the quizzes and the exchanges in the forums. This route will not give rise to the issue of a certificate. Registrations are possible now and are not subject to any conditions.This registration is free.
Qualifying path
In addition to the activities offered in the DISCOVERY formula, the QUALIFYING formula will allow you to obtain a certificate in the form of a "certificate". To do this, you will have to take a final individual exam, monitored remotely, lasting 1 hour, consisting of 30 multiple choice questions (MCQ) and obtaining 20 correct answers. You will also have access to hangouts.
The registration fee for the qualifying course is 150€.
Obtaining a qualifying certification is an opportunity for you to obtain a diploma. This course is one of the MOOCs of the Institut Pasteur's Digital Diploma in Infectious Diseases program (DNM2IP). For more information, see the Institut Pasteur web page, dedicated to this new diploma.
Prerequisites
We recommend a good scientific background (such as a bachelor of science)
Assessment and certification
Please note that the "Qualifying" formula gives the right to a qualifying certification delivered by the Institut Pasteur. There will be no successful follow-up certificate, neither for the "Discovery" formula, nor for the "Qualifying" formula.
Course plan
Chapter 1 – Introduction to vaccinology, an integrative discipline- part 1
- W1-1: History of vaccines
- W1-2: The legacy of smallpox eradication: Immunization, strategies to control, eliminate or eradicate vaccine-preventable diseases
- W1-3 : Poliovirus : the next successful eradication story ?
- W1-4 : Epidemiology of infectious diseases: prerequisite for decision-making in vaccine development
- W1-5 : Mathematical modeling of infectious diseases transmission
- W1-6 : What a vaccinologist should know about the basic of immunology
- W1-7 : Past, present and future of adjuvants in vaccination
- W1-8 : Measurement of immune responses
Chapter 2 – Introduction to vaccinology, an integrative discipline- part 2
- W2-1 : Immunological memory: the challenge of conferring long-term protection /
- W2-2 : Vaccinomics: the future of vaccinology?
- W2-3 : Maternal immunization
- W2-4 : Hurdles to vaccination in early life: revisiting immunological immaturity in human newborns
- W2-5 : Mucosal immunity: advantages and limitations in developing mucosal vaccines
- W2-6 : Antigen discovery: from genomics to proteomics
- W2-7 : Novel strategies for delivering vaccines
Chapter 3 - Preclinical and clinical steps: Basic principles
- W3-1 : Summary of clinical steps for vaccine development
- W3-2 : Decision process in vaccine development
- W3-3 : GMP production: which prerequisites and how to proceed.
- W3-4 : Finding correlates of protection or the « Holy Grail » to avoiding large phase III clinical trials
- W3-5 : Update on human challenge model for evaluation of vaccine efficacy
Chapter 4 - Update of vaccine development for the major infectious diseases
- W4-1 : Success of glycoconjugate vaccines
- W4-2 : Rotavirus vaccines: success and drawbacks.
- W4-3 : HPV: a vaccine against virus-induced cancer
- W4-4 : Influenza vaccines : challenge of making a new vaccine each year
- W4-5 : Tuberculosis: BCG , new vaccines and biomarkers for vaccine trials
Chapter 5 - Vaccines remaining to be developed and implemented
- W5-1 : Introduction and discussion on opportunities and challenges to control respiratory diseases
- W5-2 : Towards the development of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine
- W5-3 : Malaria epidemiology, pathophysiology, immune responses, and vaccine development.
- W5-4 : Dengue epidemiology, pathophysiology, immune responses, and vaccine development
- W5-5 : The burden of diarrheal diseases and prospects for vaccine impact
- W5-6 : Challenges to HIV vaccines.
Chapter 6 - Future challenges
- W6-1 : Innovation in future vaccines
- W6-2 : Vaccines for the elderly
- W6-3 : Vaccines for public health emergencies?
- W6-4 : Globalization of vaccine production
- W6-5 : New public/philanthropic private partnerships for effective global health vaccines development: pandemic preparedness & response case study
Other course runs
Archived
- From May 4, 2020 to July 1, 2020
- From Dec. 5, 2016 to Sept. 4, 2019
Course team
Armelle Phalipon
Organizations
License
License for the course content
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
License for the content created by course participants
All rights reserved
"All rights reserved" is a copyright formality indicating that the copyright holder reserves, or holds for its own use, all the rights provided by copyright law.
